EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) and fenbendazole share several similar anticancer mechanisms, although they are distinct compounds with some unique properties:

Inhibition of Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation

Both EGCG and fenbendazole demonstrate the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation:

• EGCG suppresses tumor growth by reducing the activation of molecules such as MAPK, ERK, and Akt, and induces cell cycle arrest by upregulating p21 transcription1.

• Fenbendazole effectively blocks cancer cell growth when administered orally at micromolar concentrations6.

Both compounds can trigger apoptosis in cancer cells:

• EGCG induces mitochondrial cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis by diminishing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression1.

• Fenbendazole triggers apoptosis through mitochondrial injury and the caspase 3-PARP pathway in colorectal cancer cells6.

Disruption of Energy Metabolism

EGCG and fenbendazole both interfere with cancer cell energy metabolism:

• EGCG inhibits glycolysis by targeting enzymes such as phosphofructokinase (PFK), which is crucial for glycolytic flux in tumor progression1.

• Fenbendazole exhibits anti-cancer effects primarily by disrupting energy metabolism, including inhibiting glycolysis and down-regulating glucose uptake2.

Oxidative Stress Modulation

Both compounds affect oxidative stress in cancer cells, albeit through different mechanisms:

• EGCG's anticancer effects are associated with modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, exhibiting both antioxidant and pro-oxidant potential5.

• Fenbendazole causes oxidative stress and activates the MEK3/6-p38MAPK pathway, enhancing apoptosis in cancer cells6.

Inhibition of Angiogenesis and Metastasis

EGCG and fenbendazole both show potential in reducing cancer spread:

• EGCG attenuates malignant migration and invasion by reducing the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)1.

• Fenbendazole restrains cancer cell migration and invasion6.

While EGCG and fenbendazole share these anticancer mechanisms, it's important to note that EGCG is a natural compound found in green tea, while fenbendazole is an antiparasitic drug being repurposed for cancer treatment. Their specific molecular targets and efficacy may differ, and further research is needed to fully understand their potential in cancer therapy.